What is family law?

IsiXhosa_English Legal terms for Family law-sandton-pretoria-capetown-durbanDo you have a family court proceeding pending and want to familiarise yourself with the latest family law jargon used in South Africa? Below is a list of Isixhosa/English legal terms for family law to help you properly follow the language at your pending family court proceeding. But before the legal jargon is listed here a brief explanation of what family law is. Family law refers to the termination, course and formation of family relationships. It is concerned with matters such as dissolution of marriage, prenuptial agreements, separation, spousal support, child custody or support, adoption and visitation. Family law is there to ensure that family court proceedings go accordingly and follow correct procedure.

Isixhosa/English: Legal Terms for family law

IsiXhosa_English Legal terms for Family law-johannesburg-capetown-durban-2023

English

IsiXhosa

Ab initio

From the beginning / the start.

Ab initio

Ukusuka ekuqaleni / isiqalo

Abrogate

To annul, to cancel; to make a law void by legislative repeal.

Ukubhangiswa

Ukutshitshisa, ukuphelisa; ukwenza
umthetho ube lilize ngokubhangisa
uwiso-mthetho.

Access

A parent may, following divorce
proceedings on the making of a
custodianship order, be given a right of
access by the court to see his/her
child(ren).

Ukunikezwa kwelungelo

Emva koqhawulo-mtshato umzali
unikwa yinkundla ilungelo lokufikelela
ebantwaneni okanye lokubona
abantwana.

Accrual

Growing or adding interest on a debt or
investment that continues to
accumulate.

Ukuhluma kwenzala

Ukuhluma/ukongezelela inzala
esikweletini/uzaliso-mali oluqhubekeka
nokwanda.

Accrual system

To accumulate, to grow, to happen,
with regard to a cause of action or
specific legal claim; to come into
existence as an enforceable claim.

Inkqubo yolwahlulelwano

Kulapho ilifa labatshatileyo lithi likhule,
kuze kuthi xa bewuchitha umtshato
bahlulelane ngesixa somahluko
phakathi kwemali umyeni nomfazi
angene nayo emtshatweni, naleyo
bathe bayenza bekunye

Actio iniuriarum

Action resulting from derogation of
personality.

Actio iniuriarum

Inyathelo elithatyathwa ngenxa
yokuthotywa kwesidima somntu othile.

Adoption

An act by which the rights and duties
of the natural parents of a child are
extinguished, and equivalent rights and
duties become vested in the adopters,
to whom the child then stands in all
respects as if born to them in lawful
wedlock.

Isenzo sokwamkelwa
njengomntwana 

Isenzo sokupheliswa kwamalungelo
noxanduva lwabazali bemveli, athi
anikezelwe ngokulinganayo ezandleni
zabazali babumini, abathi bona
bammele umntwana ngandlela zonke
ngokungathi uzelwe ngabo
ngokomtshato osemthethweni.

Adultery

Voluntary sexual intercourse between a
married person and another person,
who is not his/her married spouse.

Ukrexezo

Ukwabelana ngesondo okwenzeka
ngemvumelwano phakathi komntu
otshatileyo nomnye umntu
angatshatanga naye.

Affidavit

A statement in writing and on oath,
sworn before a person with authority
to administer it. The person who
makes the statement is called the
affiant.

Ingxelo efungelweyo

Ingxelo ebhaliweyo efungelweyo,
ifungelwa phambi komntu onegunya
lokuyilawula. Umntu owenza le ngxelo
kuthiwa ngumfungi.

Alienate

To transfer title / ownership to
somebody else.

Unikezelo-lifa

Ukugqithisela ilifa komnye umntu.

Animus iniurandi

The intention of offending someone.

Animus iniurandi

Injongo yokukhubekisa umntu.

Annulment

To make void, to dissolve that which
once existed, e.g. to annul the bond of
matrimony. A marriage that is annulled
is void ab initio as opposed to a
marriage that is dissolved by a decree
of divorce.

Ukutshitshiswa komtshato

Ukwenziwa ilize nokuchitha oko
kwakha kwakho, okunjengokuchitha
ikhonkco lomtshato. Umtshato
otshitshisiweyo uba void ab initio
kwasekuqaleni xa uthelekiswa
nomtshato ochithwe ngokwesigwebo
soqhawulo-mtshato.

Antenuptial contract

Contract before marriage.

Isivumelwano somtshato

Isivumelwano saphambi komtshato.

Appellant

The party who appeals a trial court
decision after having lost a case.

Umbheni

Umntu owenza isibheno kwisigwebo
senkundla esimlahlileyo.

Assets

Property that has monetary value,
including articles with only sentimental
value (particularly in the estates of the
dead).

Izinto onazo

Iimpahla ezinexabiso lemali, kuquka
izinto ezinexabiso lokuzibuka kuphela
(ingakumbi kwilifa lomntu
ongasekhoyo).

Bequest

A disposition by will of personal
property; a legacy / a gift of personal
property contained in a will.

Ulwabiwo-lifa

Ukwabiwa kwelifa lomntu
ngokomyolelo; ilifa / isipho selifa
somntu esiqulethwe kumyolelo.

Bigamy

The offence of marrying a second time
by someone who has a husband/wife
still living without being divorced.

Ukutshata kabini ngaxeshanye

Ityala lokutshata okwesibini, ngelixa
ubani anomyeni/inkosikazi esaphilayo
kwaye nomtshato bengawuqhawulanga.

Bona fide

Good faith, without fraud or deceit.

Bona fide

Ngokunyanisekileyo, ngaphandle
kokuqhatha / inkohlakalo okanye
inkohliso.

Canon law

Law of the Christian Church.

Umthetho wecawe

Umthetho weCawe yobuKrestu.

Capacity to act

Having legal authority or mental ability
to act.

Amandla engqiqo
yasemthethweni 

Ukuba negunya lomthetho okanye
ingqiqo yokuphatha ityala.

Chastisement

The common law right of a parent /
teacher / other person having the
lawful control to administer
punishment was preserved by the
Children and Young Persons Act of
1933, Section 1(7).

Ilungelo lokohlwaya

Ilungelo lomzali / likatitshala/ lomnye
umntu lokuba nolawulo
olusemthethweni lokusebenzisa
isohlwayo lagcinwa nguMthetho
waBantwana naBantu aBatsha we1933, isiqendu 1(7).

Civil actions

Any lawsuits relating to civil matters
and not criminal prosecutions.

Izimangalo zoluntu

Nasiphi na isimangalo esiphathelene
nemiba yoluntu, nesingesiso
esotshutshiso lolwaphulo-mthetho.

Community of property

A state in which spouses hold property
that is acquired during marriage (other
than property acquired by inheritance
or individual gifts).

Ubunini obudibeneyo
bempahla 

Imeko apho bathi abatshati babe
nebango lepropati elifunyenwe
ngexesha labo lomtshato (ngaphandle
kwebango elifunyenwe ngokushiyelwa
ilifa okanye ngokuphiwa isipho
ngumntu).

Compos mentis

Of sound mind; able to go to trial.

Compos mentis

Ukuba sezingqondweni eziphileleyo
ngohlobo lokuba ungajongana
nezityholo.

Condition

A term / requirement stated in a
contract that must be met for the other
party to have the duty to fulfil his/her
obligations.

Umqathango wesivumelwano

Umqathango oxelwe kwisivumelwano
nomelwe kukuhlangatyezwa ukuze
omnye umntu akwazi ukuzalisekisa
izibophelelo zakhe.

Consanguinity

Relationship by blood / descent from
common ancestor, whether male or
female.

Ulwalamano ngegazi

Uzalwano ngegazi / isinyanya
esingunozala womnombo nokuba
sesiyindoda okanye sesingumfazi.

Consortium

The companionship of a spouse. If a
spouse is injured / emotionally
distressed through the fault of another,
a possible claim could include the value
of the spouse’s services or
companionship that was lost due to the
accident.

Ilungelo lobudlelwane
basemtshatweni 

Xa umntu otshatileyo ethe wonzakala
ngendlela yokuba angakwazi ukunika
usapho iimfanelo zalo elinye iqabane
liyakwazi ukunyanzelisa umenzi ukuba
akuhlawulele oko.

Contractual obligation

Does not refer to any duty that arises
from the contract itself, but to the legal
requirements that bind the contracting
parties to the performance of the
undertaking.

Iimfanelo zesivumelwano

Igama elingabhekiselele kuyo nayiphi
na imfanelo evela kubuqu
besivumelwano, koko iimfanelo
ezisemthethweni ezidibanisa amaqela
avumelanayo kuphumezo
lwesibhambathiso

Curator

A person entrusted with the charge of
an estate, or with the conduct of a
minor, who is past the age of pupilage,
or with the management of a lawsuit.

Umgcini

Umntu ophathiswe ulawulo lwelifa,
okanye lwempatho yomntwana
ongekafikeleli kubuntu obudala, okanye
ulawulo lwesimangalo.

Damages

A cash compensation ordered by a
court to offset losses / suffering caused
by another’s fault or negligence.

Iimali zembuyekezo

Imali eyimbuyekezo ngokuyalelwa
yinkundla ukuba ilinganise ilahleko /
imbulaleko ebangwe yimposiso okanye
kukungakhathali kothile.

Debentures

A written acknowledgement of a debt
with a promise to pay; financial
obligations of corporations are often
bought and sold as investments.

Imvumo-sikweleti

Isivumo esibhaliweyo sesikweleti
nesithembiso sokusihlawula; iimfanelo
zemali zamaqumrhu ezisoloko
zithengwa zibuye zithengiswe
njengozaliso-mali.

Defendant

One who is being sued in a civil case by
another private individual, and who is
able to contest the action by offering a
legally recognised excuse.

Ummangalelwa

Ngulo umangalelwayo kwityala loluntu
kwaye unako ukuphikisana
nesimangalo ngokunika ubungqina
obusisizathu esisemthethweni.

Delict

Violation of the law.

Utyeshelo-mthetho

Ukutyeshelwa komthetho.

Delictual

Of or relating to a violation of law.

Okotyeshelo-mthetho

Okuphathelele kutyeshelo lomthetho.

Delivery

A legally recognised handing over of
one’s possessory rights to another.

Unikezelo-malungelo

Ukunikezelwa ngokusemthethweni
kwamalungelo ebango lomntu othile
komnye.

Dependant

A person who to some extent depends
on others for the provision of the
ordinary necessities of life.

Umxhomekeki

Umntu othi ngohlobo oluthile
axhomekeke kwabanye ngobonelelo
lweemfuneko eziqhelekileyo zokuphila.

Desertion

An abandonment of a wife/husband,
i.e. a matrimonial offence.

Ukulahlwa

Ukulahlwa komfazi/komyeni; oku
kulityala ngokomthetho womtshato.

Discretion

The power of a judge / public official to
make decisions on various matters
based on his/her opinion within general
legal guidelines.

Ukugweba ngokwengqiqo

Amandla omgwebi / egosa loluntu
okwenza izigqibo kwimibandela
eyahlukeneyo nesekwe kuluvo lwakhe
ngokungaphakathi kwezikhokelo
zomthetho.

Discrimination

Unequal treatment of persons, for a
reason that has nothing to do with
legal rights or ability.

Ukucalu-calula

Ukuphathwa kwabantu
ngokungalinganiyo, ngesizathu
esingenanto yakwenza namalungelo /
nobuchule bomthetho.

Dissolution of marriage

Termination of the legal relationship
between persons formally joined by
marriage or partnership.

Ubhangiso-mtshato

Ukupheliswa kobudlelwane
basemthethweni babo bantu
bebefudula bedityaniswe ngumtshato /
bubulingane.

Divorce

Termination of a marriage otherwise
than by death or annulment. A petition
for divorce might be formerly
presented to the High Court by a
husband/wife on the grounds of
adultery, desertion, cruelty or insanity.

Uqhawulo-mtshato

Ukupheliswa komtshato ngandlela
yimbi ngaphandle kokufa okanye
ukutshitshiswa. Isicelo
soqhawulomtshato singangeniswa
ngokusesikweni kwiNkundla
ePhakamileyo ngumyeni/ngumfazi
phantsi kwesizathu sokukrexeza,
ukulahlwa, inkohlakalo, okanye
impambano.

Donor

The person who donates property to
the benefit of another.

Umnikeli-lifa

Umntu onikela ngelifa ukuba
lixhanyulwe ngomnye umntu.

Duress

Where a person is prevented from
acting (not acting) according to his/her
free will, by threats or force of another.

Unyanzelo

Apho ubani athintelwa ukuba enze
(angenzi) ngokwentando yakhe, kuba
esoyikiswa okanye enyanzelwa
ngomnye.

Equality clause

The right to equal treatment (with the
same concern and respect) enshrined
in the Bill of Rights.

Impatho ngokulinganayo

Ukuphathwa komntu wonke
ngenkathalo nangentlonipho efanayo.

Error in negotio

When a contract is invalidated because
the parties are not ad idem (of the
same mind) about the nature of the
contract.

Error in negotio

Akukho sivumelwano kuba amaqela
akakho ad idem ngobume
besivumelwano.

Fideicommissum

When a property is bequeathed in
trust, usually entailing a successive
right to the property.

Fideicommissum

Umyolelo okwitrasti.

Fraudulent

With the intention to defraud.

Ubumenemene

Iinjongo zokuqhatha / zokudyobha
ngentshongo emehlweni.

Guardian

One who has the charge or custody of
any person or thing; more commonly
the person who has the custody and
education of a person who is not of
sufficient discretion to manage his/her
own affairs.

Umgcini / umlondolozi

Umntu onegunya lokugcina
nokukhathalela umntu okanye into,
kodwa ixesha elininzi ikukugcina umntu
nokumluleka kuba yena engenangqiqo
yaneleyo yokuzenzela izinto zakhe.

Habitual criminal/recidivist

A person convicted of crime on
numerous occasions, and who for that
reason is subject to an extended term
of imprisonment under the habitual
offender laws of many jurisdictions.

Isaphula-mthetho

Umntu ogwetywe amaxesha amaninzi
ngenxa yolwaphulo-mthetho, nothe
ngenxa yeso sizathu abe phantsi
kwesigwebo esongezelelweyo phantsi
kwemithetho yezaphula-mthetho ezona
rhoqo.

Harbouring

The offence under various
enactments of secretly providing
shelter.

Ukugcina

Ityala lokuzimelisa isaphuli-mthetho
phantsi kwemithetho eyahlukeneyo.

Household necessaries

Reasonable household expenses for
food and clothing and other things, in
respect of which a wife may bind
herself and her husband.

Iindleko zomzi

Iindleko zendoda nomfazi emzini
ngokuphathelene nokutya, iimpahla
nezinye izinto.

Impeachment

To charge a public official with a
wrongdoing whilst holding office.

Umangalelo lwegosa

Ukumangalela igosa loluntu ngesenzo
esigwenxa ngelixa lisezintanjeni
zolawulo.

Impotence

Physical inability of a man/woman to
perform the act of sexual intercourse.

Ubunyumba

Ukungakwazi kwendoda/komfazi
ukunika omnye iimfanelo zakhe
ngokuphathelene nokwabelana
ngesondo.

Incapacity

To lack the ability / legal, physical or
intellectual power, e.g. non compos
mentis (not of sound mind).

Ukuswela amandla engqiqo

Ukungaphili kakuhle engqondweni
nasemzimbeni ngendlela yokuba
ungazisombululela imcimbi yakho,
umz. non compos mentis.

Incest

A criminal offence that involves sexual
intercourse between members of a
family, or those among whom marriage
would be illegal because of blood
relations.

Umbulo

Ityala lolwaphulo-mthetho
elingokubakho kokulalana
ngokwesondo phakathi kwamalungu
osapho, okanye abo bantu ukutshata
kubo kungaba kukwaphula umthetho
ngenxa yokuzalana.

Infringement

An act that interferes with one of the
exclusive rights of a patent, copyright,
or trademark owner.

Ibango lamalungelo

Isenzo esiphazamisana namalungelo
obunini bokuyila.

Innocent misrepresentation

When a statement is not known to be
false, it is a ground for relief against a
contract if such statement furnished a
material inducement to a plaintiff to
enter into that contract.

Umelo olunganyanisekanga

Kulapho ubani athi anike ulwazi
olungeyonyani engaqondi ze loo nto
yenze ukuba omnye angene
kwisivumelwano esibophelelayo.
Kwimeko elolu hlobo unako ukufumana
uxolelo.

Insanity

Not mentally responsible to some
degree, depending on the legal
transaction in relation to which it is
employed. It may refer to lack of
criminal responsibility, commitment to
a mental institution, inability to
transact business, inability to stand
trial (e.g. inability to assist in one’s
own defence).

Impambano

Ukurhoxiswa kwetyala lomntu
ongenakumelana nezityholo ngenxa
yemeko enkene-nkene
ngokwasezingqondweni. Oku
kunokubhekisela kwisizathu sokuba
angasazi isono asenzileyo, ukubaligeza
elibotshwayo, ukungakwazi ukulawula
imicimbi yemali zakhe ukungakwazi
ukumelana netyala ngenxa yokushiywa
ziingqondo (umz. ukungakwazi
ukuncedisa ekuzikhuseleni).

Insolvency

A financial condition in which one is
unable to meet his/her obligations as
they mature in the ordinary course of
business. Inability to pay debts.

Ukutshona ngokwemali

Imeko yezemali apho ubani athi
angakwazi ukuhlangabezana
neemfanelo zakhe njengoko ziye
zinyuka kushishino. Ukungakwazi
ukuhlawula izikweleti.

Intent

A conscious intention on the part of the
accused.

Injongo

Injongo esengqiqweni kwicala
lommangalelwa.

Inter vivos

To describe a gift or agreement
between living persons, as opposed to
a bequest in a will.

Inter vivos

Unikezelwano ngesipho phakathi
kwabantu abaphilayo, sisuka komnye
ophilayo ukuya komnye, kwahlukile
kwincwadi yelifa.

Interdict

court order in which a person is
ordered to refrain from performing a
particular act. It is issued in
circumstances in which a party requires
protection against unlawful actual
interference or threatened interference
with his/her rights. Its nature may be
prohibitory, mandatory or restitutory.

Isithintelo senkundla

Umyalelo wenkundla apho umntu
ayalelwa ukuba akunxweme ukwenza
isenzo esithile, ukhutshwa kwiimeko
apho othile athi afune ukhuseleko
kuphazamiso lobukho obungekho
mthethweni okanye kuphazamiso
ngokoyikiswa ngokwamalungelo akhe.
Ubume balo myalelo ungathintela,
uyalele, ubuyekeze.

Intestate

To die without leaving a valid will or
fully disposing of property by will.
Administration of the estates of such
persons is governed by the provisions
of the Intestate Succession Act, 81 of
1987, as amended by the Law of
Succession Act, 43 of 1992.

Ukungabikho komyolelo

Ukufa ngaphandle kokushiya umyolelo
osemthethweni okanye ufe
ungazabanga ngokupheleleyo izinto
zakho. Ulawulo lwamafa abantu
abangasekhoyo lulawulwa zizibonelelo
zoMthetho woLawulo lwamaFa we1925.

Jurisdiction

Official power to make legal decisions
and judgements.

Igunya

Igunya loburhulumente ekwenzeni
izigqibo nezigwebo zomthetho.

Law of Persons

The legal conception by which the law
regards a human being or an artificial
entity as a person.

Umthetho wamalungelo
obuntu 

Ingqiqo yomthetho ethi ithathe
okuphilayo nokungaphiliyo njengomntu.

Legacy

A bequest or gift of goods and chattels
by will. A disposition by will of personal
property.

Ilifa

Umyolelo okanye isipho seempahla
anazo umntu ngokomyolelo. Ukwabiwa
kwelifa lomntu ngokomyolelo.

Legatee

A person to whom personal property is
given by will, one who receives legacy

Iindlamafa

Lowo utyunjelwe ukufumana ilifa

Legitimate child

A child born in a valid wedlock of
natural parents.

Umntwana womtshato

Umntwana ozalelwe kumtshato
osemthethweni wabazali begazi.

Liquidator

One who is appointed to carry out the
winding up of a company. His/her duty
is to realise the property of the
company, to pay its debts, and to
distribute the surplus (if any) among
the members.

Umphelisi-shishini

Umntu owonyulelwe ukuthwala
uxanduva lokuqoshelisa inkampani.
Umsebenzi wakhe kukungena, abale
impahla yenkampani, ahlawule
izikweleti zayo, abele amalungu
intsalela (ukuba ikhona).

Lucidum intervallum

Temporary sanity (of a disturbed mind).

Lucidum intervallum

Ukubanamaxesha ushiywe ziingqondo
(komntu ongqondo iphazamisekileyo).

Maintenance

Providing children, or other persons in
a position of dependence, with food,
clothing and other necessaries.

Isondlo

Ukubonelela abantwana, okanye
abanye abantu abakwisikhundla
soxhomekeko, ngokutya, ngeempahla
nangezinye iimfuno.

Mala fide

In bad faith, fraudulent.

Mala fide

Ngokunganyanisekanga,
ngokobumenemene.

Malicious desertion

When one spouse abandons the other
without a good cause and with the
intention of not returning.

Ukulahlwa ngolunya

Ukulahlwa ngaphandle kwesizathu
esivakalayo.

Marital power

Authority or power of a husband over
his wife in terms of common law.

Igunya lendoda

Igunya / amandla endoda kumfazi
wayo ngokomthetho oqhelekileyo.

Metus

When a debtor is threatened and
induced by fear of arrest to sign an
acknowledgement of debt of an
amount due; similar to “duress”. The
creditor does not act according to good
morals.

Metus

Apho umntu onesikweleti athi kuba
eqhutywa luloyiko lokubanjwa,
oyikiswa ukuba asayine isivumo-tyala
semali elindelekileyo. Umntu
okweletwayo wenza ngokuchasene
nobulungisa ngokwenza njalo.

Minor

A person who has not attained full age,
and in the case of common law cannot
contract without the assistance of
his/her guardian.

Umntwana

Umntu ongekafikeleli kubudala
obuzeleyo, kwaye ngokomthetho
akanakungena kwisivumelwano
ngaphandle koncedo lomgcini wakhe.

Mortis causa donatio

A gift made in anticipation of death.

Mortis causa donatio

Isipho esenziwe ngenx’ engaphambi
kokufa.

Mutatis mutandis

Similar manner, with the necessary
changes.

Mutatis mutandis

Ngokufanayo, ngeenguqu eziyimfuneko.

Negligence

Failure to exercise the degree of care
that a person of ordinary prudence (a
reasonable man) would exercise under
the same circumstances, e.g. conduct
that falls below the standard
established by law for the protection of
others against unreasonable risk of
harm.

Ukungakhathali

Ukusilela ukuthabatha iqondo
lenkathalo eliqondo ebenokuthi umntu
oqiqayo alisebenzise phantsi
kweemeko ezinjalo, umz. isimilo esiwa
nganeno kumgangatho omiselwe
ngumthetho ngenjongo yokukhusela
abanye phantsi komngcipheko
wobungozi.

Notarial contract

A contract that is attested and certified
to be authentic.

Isivumelwano esingqinelweyo

Isivumelwano esifungelweyo
nesiqinisekiswe njengesiyinene.

Offence

An act or omission punishable under
criminal law.

Ityala

Isenzo / ukungenzi njengoko
kulindelekile ngokwasemthethweni.

Offer

A display of willingness to enter into a
contract on specified terms, made in a
way that would lead a reasonable
person to understand that an
acceptance will result in a binding
contract.

Isithembiso

Ukubonisa umnqweno wokungena
kwisivumelwano ngokukhululekileyo
ngamagama aqingqekileyo nenziwe
ngendlela eya kukhokelela ekubeni
umntu aqonde ukuba ukuwamkela
kuya kuphumela kwisivumelwano
esibophelelayo.

Parole

The release of a prisoner from
imprisonment before his/her sentence
has been served. Usually granted for
good behaviour on condition that the
parolee regularly reports to a
supervising officer for a specified
period.

Ingqawule

Ukukhululwa kwebanjwa eluvalelweni
lingekasigqibi isigwebo salo. Ivame
ukunikwa ngenxa yokuziphatha
kakuhle, ngokommiselo wokuba
oyinikiweyo uya kuzivelisa rhoqo
kwigosa elongameleyo kangangexesha
eliqingqekileyo.

Partnership

The relation between persons carrying
on a business in common, with a view
to profit.

Ubulingane

Ubudlelwane obuphakathi kwabantu
abathwele ushishino ngembono enye
yokufumana inzuzo.

Patrimonial law

Law dealing with all of a person’s
assets and liabilities that are capable of
monetary valuation and subject to
execution for a creditor’s benefit.

Umthetho wezinto onazo

Zizonke izinto zexabiso, kuquka
namatyala, anazo umntu nezinokuba
nexabiso lemali xa zinokuthengiselwa
ukuhlawula abantu anezikweleti kubo.

Performance

Fulfilment of one’s obligations required
by contract, e.g. what may be
demanded in a lawsuit.

Uzalisekiso-mfanelo

Ukuthi ubani azalisekise iimfuno zakhe
njengoko kufunwa njalo
sisivumelwano, umz. oko
kunokubangwa kwisimangalo.

Plaintiff

A person who brings a case against
another party in a court of law.

Ummangali

Umntu ozisa ityala kwinkundla
yamatyala ukuze agwetyelwe ngenxa
yokoniwa ngomnye.

Polyandry

When a woman has more than one
husband simultaneously.

Unobayeni

Isithembu apho inkosikazi inabayeni
abangaphezu kwesinye ngaxeshanye.

Polygamy

Practice / custom of having more than
one wife/husband simultaneously.

Isithembu

Isiko lokuba nomfazi / umyeni
ongaphezu kwesinye ngaxeshanye

Positive law

Existing law created by legally valid
procedures, “…law set by political
superiors to political inferiors”.

Umthetho ovumayo

Umthetho okhoyo nodalwe ziinkqubo
ezisemthethweni, “…umthetho obekwe
zizikhulu zopolitiko ziwubekela
abangaphantsi kwezopolitiko.

Presumption

A rule of law that permits a court to
assume that a fact is true until there is
preponderance of evidence.

Ubunyaniso bobungqina

Ummiselo womthetho ovumela ukuba
inkundla ithabathe inqaku
njengeliyinyaniso de kube kukho
ubungqina obuphikisayo.

Prodigal

A person who cannot be trusted to look
after his/her own property.

Usonkcitho

Umntu ekungenakuthenjelwa kuye
ukuba ajonge ilifa/izinto ezizezakhe.

Prohibited degrees of affinity

Forbidden degrees of consanguinity.

Amaqondo ozalwano ngegazi

Amaqondo angavumelekanga omtshato
ngenxa yozalwano ngegazi.

Puberty

The age of 14 in males and 12 in
females, at which they are deemed
formally capable of contracting
marriage.

Ukufikisa

Ubudala obuli-14 emakhwenkweni
nobuli-12 leminyaka
emantombazaneni, obucingelwa
njengobufaneleke ukwenza
isivumelwano somtshato
ngokusesikweni.

Putative marriage

A marriage that is actually null, but has
been contracted in good faith by both
parties, or by one of the parties.

Usinga-mtshato

Umtshato ongasinguwo owenene,
kodwa babe abatshati bezicingela
ukuba batshate ngokwenene.

Real rights

Rights pertaining to a thing rather than
a person, including ownership,
habitation, pledge, real mortgage

Amalungelo ento

Amalungelo anxulumene nezinto
kunabantu, aquka ubunini, ukuhlala,
izibambiso nezivumelwano zezibambiso
zokwenene.

Real/actual damages

Those losses that can readily be proven
to have been sustained, and for which
the injured party should be
compensated as a matter of right.

Umonakalo
onokubuyekezelwa 

Zezo lahleko sekukho ubungqina
bokuba zithwelwe, ekunokuthi ngazo
kubuyekezwe umntu owenzakeleyo
ngokwelungelo.

Rebuttable presumption

An ordinary presumption that must, as
a matter of law, be made once certain
facts have been proved, and which is
thus said to establish a certain
conclusion prima facie once those facts
have been adduced, unless explicitly
proved untrue.

Ubungqina obuphikisekayo

Ummiselo wasemthethweni ovumela
ukuba inkundla ithabathe amanqaku
njengayinyaniso, kodwa loo manqaku
a-prima facie xa kuvela ubungqina.

Recourse

The legal right to demand
compensation or payment.

Ibango-mbuyekezo

Ilungelo elisemthethweni lokubanga
imbuyekezo okanye intlawulo.

Redistribution

The act or process of distributing
something again or anew (e.g.
redistribution of wealth).

Ulwabiwo ngokutsha

Isenzo okanye inkqubo yokwabiwa
kwento kwakhona ngendlela
engenzeleliyo okanye ngokutsha (umz.
ukwabiwa kobutyebi ngokutsha ukuze
kungabikho udlelwa indlala).

Repudiation

Denial of the existence of a contract
and/or refusal to pay.

Ukhanyelo-sivumelwano

Ukuphikwa/ukukhanyelwa kobukho
besivumelwano kunye nokwala
ukuhlawula.

Rescission

The cancellation of a contract and the
return of the parties to the positions
they would have occupied had the
contract not been entered into.

Urhoxiso-sivumelwano

Ukurhoxiswa kwesivumelwano
kwanokubuyela kwamaqela
kwizikhundla angel’ ezibambile ukuba
besingenziwanga isivumelwano.

Satisfaction

Receiving payment or performance of
what is due.

Ukwenza ngokulindelekileyo

Ukwamkela intlawulo okanye ukwenza
njengoko kulindelekile
(kokukweletwayo).

Seduction

Use of charm, promises or gifts to
induce another person to have sexual
intercourse outside marriage, without
any use of force/intimidation.

Ukuwexula

Ukusetyenziswa kwekhubalo,
izithembiso, izipho ngumntu othile
ngenjongo yokumcenga ukuba abe
nesondo naye ngokungaphandle
komtshato, kungakhange
kusetyenziswe hlobo
lonyanzelo/loloyikiso.

Sequestrate

The act of seizing / taking possession
of the property (or goods) belonging to
another, and holding it until the profits
have paid the demand for which it was
taken.

Ukuthimba

Isenzo sokohlutha / sokuthabatha
ibango leempahla zomnye umntu,
zigcinwe de ibe inzala ilihlawulele
ibango ebithatyathelwe lona. Ibango
elenziwa ngummangalelwa
kwisimangalo sokuba utyalwa
ngummangali imali, enokuthatyathwa
kwimali yeendleko ebangwa
ngummangali.

Set off

A claim by a defendant in a lawsuit that
the plaintiff owes the defendant
money, which could be subtracted from
the amount of damages claimed by a
plaintiff.

Ibango lesikweleti

Ibango elenziwa ngummangalelwa
kwisimangalo sokuba utyalwa
ngummangali imali, enokuthatyathwa
kwimali yeendleko ebangwa
ngummangali.

Solacium

Compensation, especially damages,
allowed for hurt feelings or grief, as
opposed to damages for physical injury

Imbuyekezo-ntuthuzelo

Imbuyekezo, umz. umonakalo
ovunyelwa ngenxa yeentlungu
zomphefumlo okanye ezokufelwa,
ngokwahlukileyo kumonakalo
wokwenzakala ngokwenyama.

Squander

To waste in a reckless or foolish
manner.

Ukudyakraza

Ukudyakraza ngendlela engenankathalo
nebhanxekileyo.

Stante matrimonio

During the subsistence of the marriage
/ while it continues.

Stante matrimonio

Ngelixa umtshato uqhubayo.

Statute law

State-written law enacted by state
legislature.

Umthetho welizwe obhaliweyo

Umthetho obhaliweyo welizwe,
nomiselwe yindlu yowiso-mthetho.

Stuprum

Immorality/unchastity on the part of
the wife. Where a woman prior to her
marriage has had illicit intercourse with
another man, and as a result has fallen
pregnant, her husband (if he married
her in ignorance of this, and after
discovery cannot condone it) has the
right to declare the marriage null and
void.

Stuprum

Ukungabikho sikweni nokungabikho
nyulu kwicala lenkosikazi. Apho umfazi
athi phambi komtshato abelane
ngesondo nenye indoda ngokungekho
sikweni, isiphumo sibe kukukhulelwa
umyeni wakhe (ukuba umtshate
engabazi ubunyaniso boku, kwaye
emva kokubufumanisa akabuxolela)
uya kuba nelungelo lokuwuphelisa
umtshato njengotshitshisiweyo.

Sui generic

The only one of its kind / peculiar.

Sui generic

Ekuphela kwayo kuhlobo lwayo /
ekudidi lwayo yodwa.

Tacit agreement

Understood without being stated;
acceptance without discussion.

Isivumelwano esithe tu

Isivumelwano esinokuqondwa nokuba
asixelwanga.

Testator

The one who makes a will.

Umyoleli

Ubani owenza umyolelo.

Third party

A person who is not specified in a
contract or transaction, but is involved.

Umntu wesithathu

Umntu ongenanto yakwenza
nesivumelwano/kurhwebelwano,
kodwa enenxaxheba ethile.

Trust

A right of property, real or personal,
held by one party for the benefit of
another. Also applies to any
relationship in which one acts as a
guardian or fiduciary in relation to
another’s property

Itrasti

Ilungelo lelifa eligcinwe ngomnye
umntu ukuze lixhanyulwe ngomnye.
Ikwabhekiselele, kubo nabuphi na
ubudlelwane apho ubani athi asebenze
njengomgcini welifa okanye imali
yomnye ngokwasemthethweni.

Undue influence

Amount of pressure that one uses to
force someone to execute a will leaving
assets in a particular way, to make a
direct gift while alive / to sign a
contract.

Umyolelo onyanzelweyo

Uxinzelelo athi ubani alusebenzise
ekunyanzeleni omnye ukuba enze
umyolelo apho ashiya izinto zakhe kuye
ngendlela ethile, enze isipho ngokuthe
ngelixa asaphilayo / atyikitye
isivumelwano.

Unjustified enrichment

A benefit by chance, mistake or
another misfortune for which the one
enriched has not paid/worked and
morally and ethically should not keep.

Uxhamlo
ngokungafanelekanga 

Ukufumana ngebhaqo okanye ngesehlo
esingatshongokhona ngento ubani
angayisebenzelanga kwaye
nekungamelanga ukuba ayingcine.

Void

When there is a legally valid reason
why a marriage or an engagement
cannot be regarded as being lawful,
and the normal consequence does not
follow.

Ihamte

Kuxa kukho isizathu esisemthethweni
sokuba umtshato okanye ingeji
ayinakwamkelwa
njengokusemthethweni kwaye izinto
eziqhelekileyo zingenakwenzeka.

Voidable

Capable of being made void, e.g. a
contract entered into by a minor is
voidable upon his/her reaching majority.

Ukuhamteka

Sinako ukwenziwa sibe lihamte, umz,
isivumelwano ekungenwe kuso
ngumntwana silihamte akufikelela
ebudaleni.

Waive

When one renounces or disclaims a
benefit. He/she is said to waive a tort /
injury when he/she abandons the
concomitant remedy provided for by
law

Ukuncama / ukuhlamba

Xa ubani engasibangi isibonelelo,
kuthiwa uncamile xa ayeka uncedo
alunikwa ngumthetho.

Wrongful conduct

An act that unjustly infringes on
another’s rights.

Impatho yokwaphul’
amalungelo 

Isenzo esiphazamisana namalungelo
abanye abantu ngokungenabulungisa.

 

IsiXhosa_English Legal terms for Family law-johannesburg-capetown-durban

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Summary
IsiXhosa/Afrikaans: Legal Terms for family law
Article Name
IsiXhosa/Afrikaans: Legal Terms for family law
Description
The article provides you with translations of English to IsiXhosa Legal Terms for family law. it also explains what is meant by family law.
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Isizulu Translation Services
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